Burlington activity readers

ALL ABOUT JAPAN

Micky jenkins

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

All About Japan introduces us to the fabulous ‘Land of the Rising Sun’. Follow the journey from ancient Japan to the global world power of today. Enjoy the Japanese appreciation of beauty and discover Japanese traditions like Geisha, tea ceremonies and origami. Visit Mount Fuji, Tokyo and Kyoto and find out about the Ring of Fire. Read about martial arts and sumo wrestling. Learn about Pearl Harbor and the catastrophic events at Hiroshima and Nagasaki – which shocked the world, and whose impact we still feel today.

BRITAIN'S DARKEST LEGENDS

Dominic butler

Legend

Cross-curricular focus: Literature

Read three of Britain’s darkest legends, about dangerous and frightening characters like Ginny Greenteeth, the Selkies of Scotland and Black Shuck, the devil dog of the 1500s. They will make you think twice about diving into strange waters – who knows what creatures may be waiting under the surface, or swimming with the seals? And, it’s better to avoid old churches in isolated areas – someone or something might be watching you!

DIGITAL NIGHTMARES

Dominic butler

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Technology

It’s hard to imagine life without technology, and we are growing increasingly dependent on it. But sometimes, things go wrong. These three stories describe the fun side of artificial intelligence, augmented reality and online vlogs. But they also show us the dark side of technology – the online bullying, dangers of social media and the isolation it can cause as people fall into the complex, scary world of digital nightmares.

FROM UKRAINE TO THE UK - A MUSICIAN'S JOURNEY

Jill alexander

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Geography

The Ukrainian War started on 24th February, 2022 and thousands of Ukrainian refugees were either displaced or fled overseas. For Alexei, 17, and his sister, Katia, 12, life will never be the same. Before the war, Alexei, a talented musician, was invited to perform on many stages in Europe, and was finally offered a place in the prestigious Royal Academy of Music in London. But the war splits his family, and Alexei finds himself performing at night in the underground station – the only safe place to shelter from the bombs. How will his family survive?

MISSION TO MARS

Dominic butler

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Science

It’s the future, and Luka, 14, is on a mission to Mars with four young cadets and three experienced adult astronauts. But, during their dangerous journey, an asteroid hits their spaceship and disaster follows. The adults are separated from the teenagers, and the oxygen system fails. The terrified cadets must put their differences aside and work together as a team to save everybody. But can they do it?

ALL ABOUT BRITAIN TODAY

Julie hart

Legend

Cross-curricular focus: Geography

Read All About Britain Today and learn about the country’s intriguing history and diverse culture. Find out about King Charles III and the royal family, popular landmarks, mysterious legends and famous haunts. Discover the reasons behind some of the unusual British traditions, and learn some surprising facts about the present and past. It’s an experience you won’t forget!

TRUE TALES OF MYSTERY

Dominic butler

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: Geography

Two local policemen find burns and a strange green ointment on a dead body. Later, strange lights and a spacecraft appear in the night sky. Are aliens visiting?
The Bermuda Triangle has always been a mysterious place. Pilot Bruce Gernon flies over it, and then, strange things begin to happen. Will Bruce manage to survive?
Residents of Point Pleasant, in the USA, report multiple sightings of a terrifying figure with wings and red eyes. What does it want, and is anybody safe any more?

THE MYSTERY OF MCBALLEN CASTLE

Anne stanmore

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

Scottish teenager Ryan Ross gets a summer job in an old castle, which has recently reopened as a luxury hotel. One day, as he’s leaving work, Ryan meets Emily, a journalist from London, who is investigating the disappearance of a disgraced politician and has followed him to Scotland. Before long, it becomes clear that the politician is not the only celebrity guest at the hotel. Why are they all there?

ALL ABOUT NEW ZEALAND

Micky jenkins

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

In All About New Zealand, read about the country’s history since the first settlers arrived from Polynesia, hundreds of years ago. Learn about the geography of its many islands, and about its major cities. Visit its magnificent natural wonders, and get to know its strange and fabulous creatures. Find out about its different ethnic groups and local customs, its best-known films and celebrities, and its passion for sport.

INSPIRATIONAL SPORTS STARS

David jennings

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Enviroment

Footballer Marcus Rashford played for England in the 2022 World Cup, and has campaigned widely to help disadvantaged children. Gymnast Simone Biles won multiple Olympic gold medals, while facing several challenges during her career. Mo Farah’s fame as a long-distance runner came after being trafficked to the UK as a young child. Rafael Nadal won numerous Grand Slam tennis titles, but always stayed close to his Mallorcan roots. Read their fascinating stories here.

DA VINCI'S STOLEN LEGACY

Louanne piccolo

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Following the death of the great artist Leonardo da Vinci, a messenger arrives at court and informs the King that Da Vinci’s flying machine plans have gone missing, presumed stolen after his death. King Francis commands Marco, one of Da Vinci’s students, to find the plans before they fall into the hands of the King’s rival, Charles I of Spain. Who is the thief – and will the plans be found?

ALL ABOUT FESTIVALS

Dominic butler

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

The UK has a lot of festivals every year. There are religious festivals like Christmas and Easter, and festivals of the UK’s many ethnic communities. Read about fun festivals like Pancake Day, April Fool’s Day and the ‘trick or treat’ custom at Halloween. There are music festivals, Saints’ days and Guy Fawkes Night, commemorating an important event in English history. Then, New Year celebrations before starting all over again!

FROM SLAVERY TO CELEBRITY

Micky jenkins and jill alexander

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: History

Here are the stories of four legendary women of colour, who succeeded and achieved greatness despite the racial prejudice and discrimination they suffered. Escaped slave Harriet Tubman made the dangerous journey to freedom in Canada, but returned to help other slaves escape, too. Mathematical genius Katherine Johnson worked at NASA helping to put the first American man into orbit. Poet, writer and civil rights activist Maya Angelou won numerous awards and more than 50 honorary degrees. Oprah Winfrey is one of the USA’s richest and most influential celebrities today.

POMPEII

Louanne piccolo

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture and Natural Science

Calliope was kidnapped in Greece and is now ‘Flavia’, a slave in Pompeii. After discovering a secret, her life is now in danger. Helped by her gladiator friend Tiro, she changes her appearance and tries to escape. But strange things are happening in Pompeii. It’s very hot, there’s no wind and the birds are mysteriously dying. Then, the ground starts to shake violently and all eyes turn to the volcano Mount Vesuvius, which dominates the town of Pompeii. What’s happening?

ALL ABOUT MUSIC

Shannon white

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

Read All About Music and find out how the music industry has evolved through the ages. See the development of musical instruments from tribal drums to those in modern orchestras. How did music become such an essential part of our lives today? Discover how technical advances have changed the way we listen to music. And read about three of the greatest composers of all time.

THE MONKEY RESCUE

Susan hughes

Modern fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

Scott, 14, and his cousin Marissa, 16, are staying at their grandpa’s home for the summer. They visit a circus and see an act with a little monkey called Micky. The cousins believe that the monkey trainer is treating the monkey badly and decide to help. There follows a daring rescue, two criminals, some stolen diamonds and a lot of danger! How will it end?

THE HUNT FOR JACK THE RIPPER

Samuel sheehy

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

It’s the autumn of 1888 and there’s fear on the streets of Whitechapel, London. Fear of a man they call ‘Jack the Ripper’ – a killer, with the heart of a demon. He’s killing women with horrifying violence, and the population is terrified. This is the story of the hunt for Jack the Ripper, seen through the eyes of 15-year-old Charlie, a young woman called Mary Kelly and Inspector Abberline, the police chief in charge of the investigation. And London itself also has a story to tell.

EXTRAORDINARY WOMEN

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

These are the stories of four under-valued women who achieved extraordinary things. Colette wrote a series of successful novels, but her husband published them under his own name. Beautiful film star Hedy Lamarr invented a secret communication system, later adopted by the US Navy. But originally, her invention had been rejected and she was told to ‘stick to entertaining’. Ángela Ruiz Robles invented a mechanical precursor to the digital tablet – 100 years ahead of her time – but wasn’t taken seriously. Seventeenth-century artist Artemisia Gentileschi fought the prejudice of the male-controlled art world to achieve greatness.

LOVERS

Legend

Cross-curricular focus: Folklore

Three of the most classic love stories of all time. First, is the story of two of literature’s most famous lovers, Romeo and Juliet, who are denied a future together because of the enmity of their families. Second, is the love story of Robin Hood and Maid Marion. Marion, brave and principled, supports Robin Hood as he defends the poor villagers against the greedy rulers of England, robbing the rich to pay the poor. Lastly, read about Isabel and Diego, the famous lovers of Teruel. Diego goes to war, promising to return and marry Isabel in five years. But will he survive the battle? And will Isabel stay true and wait for him?

ALL ABOUT LONDON

Julie hart

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

London is the capital of England, and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world, with around 30 million visitors every year. Read All About London and you’ll understand why. Visit Madame Tussauds, and the London Dungeon and attend the Trooping the Colour. Learn about the terrible fire of 1666, meet famous Londoners like Charlie Chaplin and Queen Elizabeth II, and discover the strange traditions of the Tower of London. It really is a fascinating city.

HERCULES

retold by anne stanmore

Legend

Cross-curricular focus: History

Hercules, the favourite son of the god Zeus, is very strong and intelligent. One day, because of a terrible magic trick, Hercules kills his family thinking they’re his enemies. Later, Hercules is desperate and wants to pay for his action. He becomes the servant of the cruel King Eurytheus for 12 years. Eurytheus detests Hercules and gives him impossible missions to do. Hercules must survive, but how?

FOUR FAMOUS COUPLES

Eleanor sutherland

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

Here are the stories of four couples from different times, all madly in love. Read about Victoria, the Queen of England, who fell passionately in love with her cousin, Albert. Find out about Marie Curie’s affair with Paul Langevin, which caused a scandal in the world of science. Discover how the relationship between Cleopatra and Mark Antony formed a union powerful enough to challenge the leader of the Roman Empire. Finally, learn about Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, who married 11 women, but only really adored his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal for whom he build the famous Taj Mahal.

SAVE THE TITANIC!

Louanne piccolo

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

They called it ‘the ship that would never sink’, but on 15th April, 1912, the British passenger liner Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, there weren’t enough lifeboats for everybody. Of the 2,224 people aboard, more than 1,500 died. Another ship, the Carpathia, sailed through dangerous ice fields and rescued 705 survivors from the Titanic. Charlotte, a young passenger on the Carpathia, tells the story of that rescue.

ALL ABOUT CANADA

Phillipa tracy

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

Read All About Canada and learn how this huge country was first populated with people from Asia, and what happened when Europeans arrived. Find out about the spectacular natural attractions, like Niagara Falls and the Rockies, as well as the animals that have adapted to this mountainous land. Then, read about Canada today: popular sports like lacrosse and ice hockey; famous Canadians, including Justin Bieber and Ryan Gosling; and typical food such as poutine, Nanaimo bars and maple syrup.

A DANGEROUS GAME

Dominic butler

Modern fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

Fourteen-year-old Edward Morton loves making online videos and playing video games. One day, he plays an exciting new game, called ‘Angel’s Game’. It starts as a kind of treasure hunt, but then things turn dangerous. Eddie makes a new video, warning others not to play the game and then, he disappears. Where is he? What happened to him? And who is the mysterious ‘Angel’? His classmates are determined to find out. But can they find Eddie before they, too, fall into danger?

THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME

Victor hugo

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social Studies

In 15th-century Paris, an ugly deformed child is abandoned at the entrance to Notre Dame Cathedral. The child is adopted by Frollo, a young priest, who names him Quasimodo. Quasimodo lives in the cathedral and becomes the bellringer there. But there is trouble ahead when both Quasimodo and Frollo fall in love with Esmeralda, a beautiful young gypsy dancer. This love triangle sets the scene for an intriguing story of love, hate, loyalty and betrayal.

ALL ABOUT THE CINEMA

Suzanne eastwood

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

Read All About the Cinema and find out how film-making grew into the billion-dollar industry it is today. See the development of films from silent black-and-white pictures to today's epic 3D films with amazing special effects. Read about the most popular past and present film stars and directors. Discover which films and celebrities have won the most awards and what the future holds for the cinema industry in the 21st century.

ALL ABOUT INDIA

Phillipa tracy

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

In All About India, we learn about the history of this ancient country and the important events which have made India what it is today. Find out why English is one of India's official languages and what other languages are spoken there. Learn who built the famous Taj Mahal and the importance of the River Ganges, not only for agriculture, but for religious reasons, too. Get to know some of India's famous heroes like Mahatma Gandhi, who promoted non-violent activism in order to attain independence for India.

A SPY IN SIBERIA

Samuel sheehy

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Environment

Eminent scientist Dr Erik Carlsson is kidnapped by criminals at an international conference, just as he is about to reveal his revolutionary solution to the problem of global warming. Now, the solution has disappeared with him. Sometime later, strange lights and heated areas appear in an isolated area in Siberia. Secret agent Fiona Stone is sent to Siberia to investigate these strange phenomena. What's going on?

THE ADVENTURES OF TOM SAWYER

Mark twain

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Literature

Tom Sawyer is a mischievous boy growing up near the Mississippi River in the USA. Tom spends his time avoiding work and school and is constantly in trouble. Tom and his friend Huck Finn have all kinds of adventures and get into predicaments, but they usually find a way to solve their problems and have a happy ending.

QUEEN ARTHUR

Nicola prentis

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Literature

When 15-year-old Gwen pulls a sword from a stone while running from school bullies, she's transported back in time to the days preceding the crowning of King Arthur. But according to legend, the one who pulls the sword from a stone, must be King, and that was Gwen! Young Arthur is furious about this. Can Queen Arthur defeat her fears and step into the shoes of the legendary King Arthur?

EMMA

Jane austen

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Emma Woodhouse, beautiful, intelligent and wealthy, has a heart of gold and genuinely wants to help her friends and family. But, at times, she tries too hard. Some people think she interferes too much in other peoples' lives. Emma doesn't agree, and continues to match up her friends. Although she thinks her couples are perfectly suited ... they don't always agree! And Emma cannot understand why her well-intentioned plans usually end in disaster!

WOMEN WHO MADE A DIFFERENCE

Jill alexander

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

Here are the stories of three unique women who made a difference to our lives today. Read about Gertrude Bell, mountaineer, archeologist and British spy, who constructed the borders of modern-day Iraq. Imagine the dark, lonely world of Hellen Keller, deaf, dumb and blind, who fought for the rights of the disabled, despite her own hardships. And Rosa Parks, whose refusal to give up her seat in the coloured section of an Alabama bus to a white passenger was a catalyst for the modern Civil Rights Movement. These were amazing and brave women - all pioneers of their time.

WITCHES, SECRETS AND LIES

Micky jenkins

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

It's the 1690s, in Salem, Massachusetts - and the superstitious local population believe in the power of the devil. When bad things start to happen, they believe it's due to witchcarft. Suspicion falls on local girls following secret meetings in the forest, where they chant and dance around a fire. Sentenced witches will be hanged, or burnt at the stake. At a time when anybody can accuse another of witchcraft, a climate of fear falls on the town. Sarah Smith, 16, has become the enemy of the malicious Abigail Finch, a girl without conscience or morals, who is jealous of Sarah. It's a very dangerous situation.

ALL ABOUT WALES

Ruth ellen

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Folklore

All About Wales introduces us to this land of song, with its deep green valleys. Follow its continuous coastal path and visit the magnificient mountains of Snowdonia. Wales has got more castles than any other European country - a testimony to its turbulent history of rebellions and battles for independence from England. Discover the significance of the daffodil, leek and red dragon to this special country. Learn why the people still speak Welsh today, and whey they are so proud of their unique culture and heritage.

THE BOY WITH THE DARK SECRET

Elena guasch

Science

Cross-curricular focus: Science

There's a new boy at school called Mats and the other kids are curious about him. He's from Sweden and he's very clever. He works hard in class and seems nice, but he doesn't mix with the other kids after school. He never invites anybody to his home and he looks so scared when his father collects him from school every day. What dark secret is he keeping?

A STRANGER IN THE PAST

Julie hart

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Thomas Clark, 14, is travelling to school by bus one day, when he finds himself mysteriously transported back to the 1940s in war-torn Liverpool. When he opens his eyes, he looks different, sounds different and even has a different name. Stuck in a hospital bed, recovering from poilio, Thomas is terrified. A lady comes to visit him and claims she's his mother - but she's a total stranger to Thomas. What's going on?

GULLIVER'S TRAVELS

Jonathan swift

history

Cross-curricular focus: History

Lemuel Gulliver sets out on a sea voyage but his ship is destroyed in a storm. Washed up on a strange island called Lilliput, Gulliver becomes the prisoner of its tiny inhabitants. After he escapes, Gulliver finds himself in a land of giants where he is now the tiny one. Can Gulliver survive? Will he be able to escape and get back home?

THE BLACK TULIP

Alexandre dumas

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Horticulture

This historical novel by Dumas is full of intrigue, love, jealousy and obsession. In 17th-century Holland, flower-growers are competing to grow a black tulip, and win a prize of 100,000 florins. Cornelius van Baerle is rich and successful. He grows beautiful tulips and is confident he will win. But unknown to him, his jealous neighbour is plotting his downfall. These are dangerious times and there is much political intrigue. Following the brutal murder of his uncles, Cornelius is suddenly thrown into prison and his life is in danger. What now?

JANE EYRE

Charlote brontë

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

Jane Eyre is a young orphaned girl, unwanted and humiliated by her cruel aunt and spiteful cousins. In time, she is sent to a school for orphans. At 18, Jane becomes a governess to a young French girl, whose guardian is the mysterious Mr Rochester. But the house holds a mystery. A strange servant works alone on the third floor. And what is the eerie laughter Jane sometimes hears at night?

CLASSIC GHOST STORIES

Retold by sheila scott

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: Literature

Why does a signal-man see mysterious figures at the entrance to the train tunnel prior to disasters? A couple find their dream house, butut why must the terrified maid leave it before Halloween? Medical students widen their knowledge of human anatomy by dissecting dead bodies. But where do the bodies come from? Read these stories by classic writers Charles Dickens, E. Nesbit and Robert Louis Stevenson and find out.

SLAVES IN THE DESERT

Captain james riley

Autobiography

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

This is the incredible, true story of Captain James Riley and his crew. In 1815, they are shipwrecked off the western coast of North Africa. Lost, and with very little water and food, Riley and his men try to find a way back to civilisation. But then, they are captured by desert nomads and held as slaves. Badly treated, starving and burnt, the men must try to survive until they can escape, or be rescued.

ALL ABOUT SCOTLAND

Emily winston

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Geography

All About Scotland describes the history of this special country in the north of Britain. Find out about Scottish heroes and talented writers. Travel to the wild Highlands and around the deep lochs. Watch out for that Loch Ness Monster! Learn about Scottish inventions that changed the world and the interesting food that the Scots eat at a Burns Supper. You can even discover why Scottish men wear kilts!

A FOREIGNER IN NEW YORK

Ramón ybarra rubio

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

In this sequel to our successful reader for Bachillerato 1, A Foreigner in Britain, we follow Antonio on his travels around New York. Antonio's impressions of the city are conveyed through a series of visits to major landmarks and meetings with fascinating people. This entertaining reader will give your students a delightful introduction to this world-famous city, its history and way of life.

THREE TALES OF TERROR AND MYSTERY

Sir arthur conan doyle

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: Sociology

Would you accept a job requiring "a physically strong doctor with a knowledge of beetles, who can keep calm in danger"? Can you explain an express train arriving at its first station with three passengers missing and a fourth passenger shot in the heart? Would you surivive a long dark night trapped with a ferocious big cat? Read these three fascinating, scary tales from master storyteller Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and decide for youself.

LES MISÉRABLES

Victor hugo

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Jean Valjean is released from prison after 19 years. Desperate and rejected, "free" life is terrible for him. Then, an act of kindness changes his life forever and convinces him to become a good man. Later, rich and successful, Valjean tries to lead a good life, helping the poor. But wherever he goes in his new life, his old jailor, Inspector Javert, is one step behind him, determined to bring him to justice.

THE PRISONER OF ZENDA

Anthony hope

Classic Adventure

Cross-curricular focus: Sociology

Rudolf, the new King of Ruritania, is drugged on the eve of his coronation by his evil brother, Prince Michael. Desperate to prevent Michael from claiming the throne, the King's servants persuade Rudolf Rassendyll, an English cousin, to impersonate King Rudolf at the coronation. The two men look almost identical, but will the daring plot succeed?

THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING EARNEST

Oscar wilde

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Jack Worthing is in love with Gwendolen and his friend, Algernon Moncrieff is in love with Cecily. Both girls wrongly believe their men are called Ernest and they'll only marry men called Ernest. Gwendolen's mother forbids Jack to marry her daughter. Then Jack, who is Cecily's guardian, forbids her to marry Algernon. Despite all the misunderstandings, can love triumph in the end?

THREE GREAT LEADERS

Eleanor sutherland

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Politics

Take a closer look at the lives of three great leaders in history: Cleopatra, Napoleon Bonaparte and Nelson Mandela. How did the beautiful Cleaopatra survive the intrigues of the Egyptian and Roman courts? What was the secret behind the powerful Napoleon's success? And how did a freedom fighter, who spent 27 years in jail, become one of the most admired leaders of the 20th century?

A CONVICT'S TALE

Julie hart

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Set in 1797, this is the story of 14-year-old Ann Telford's difficult journey from the slums of Durham in England, through the horrors of Durham Jail to a convict ship bound for faraway Australia. Jailed for seven years for stealing food for her brother and herself, Ann Telford must survive the harsh conditions to build a better future.

ALL ABOUT IRELAND

Emily winston

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

All About Ireland presents many fascinating facts about this country. Visit beautiful areas like the Giant's Causeway and ancient monuments. Follow the Irish Troubles and see how peace was finally achieved. Read interesting myths, legends and traditions and how the Halloween tradition of "trick or treat" started. Meet the Irish giants of the literary world and learn why this small country touches the lives of people around the globe.

THE CASE OF THE ANCIENT ARTEFACT

Samuel sheehy

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Geography

In this exciting story, 20-year-old Carlota finds herself in big trouble after she unknowingly brings a stolen artefact from the Canary Islands to London. But many people want the treasure, and will stop at nothing to get it. Soon, Carlota's dream holiday becomes a nightmare, full of intrigue and danger. How will she handle the situtation?

ALL ABOUT AUSTRALIA

Emily winston

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Read All About Australia and find out about the Aborigines, the native people of this amazing land, and the first white settlers, many of whom were convicts transported there against their will. Discover animals unique to Australia, including the most dangerous spiders and snakes in the world. Learn about Australia's special food, traditions, holidays and sport and see what makes this country so different from the rest of the world.

THE HOUSE OF ARDEN

E. nesbit

Fantasy

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

Poor orphans Edred and Elfrida Arden live with their aunt. One day, Edred discovers he has inherited the decrepit Arden Castle and the secret treasure hidden inside it. With the help of a magical mole called Mouldiwarp, the children travel back in time and have many adventures. But will they find the treasure? And what family secrets will they find in the past?

RING OF BRIGHT WATER

Gavin maxwell

Autobiography

Cross-curricular focus: Zoology

This is the true story of Gavin Maxwell, a writer who lives near the sea in the lonely Highlands of Scotland. After his beloved pet dog dies, Gavin visits Iraq. There, he sees Arabs catching marsh otters and training them. Gavin decides an otter would make an ideal pet and soon finds himself on his way home with Mij, a young male otter. Will Gavin and Mij adjust to their new lives, and what chaos will this new pet cause?

ROSY IS MY RELATIVE

Gerald durrell

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Zoology

Adrian Rookwhistle inherits a strange present from his dying uncle: Rosy, a circus elephant! Rosy is friendly and adorable, but she's got one bad habit: she likes drinking alcohol. Adrian decides to give her to a circus by the sea, and the two begin their chaotic journey there. The peaceful English countryside will never be the same again!

TALES WITH A TWIST

Retold by sheila scott

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Literature

Enjoy this collection of short stories from the pens of Saki, Roald Dahl and Thomas Hardy. What ghostly vision causes young Framton to run out on his hostess so suddenly? Will an antiques dealer really buy a valuable treasure for a fraction of its worth? Will a young girl be forced to marry an old man or will the love of her life return in time to claim her hand? These witty stories will delight you - but watch out for the clever twist at the end.

FRANKENSTEIN

Mary shelley

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: Science

Victor Frankenstein discovers the secret of life. But when he uses his secret, he releases a dreadful monster into the world and it's too late to destroy his creation. This terrifying horror story has been immensely popular for 150 years and has been the inspiration behind several film versions.

OSCAR WILDE SHORT STORIES

Oscar wilde

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Natural Science

Lord Arthur Savile must commit a crime before he can get married. Hughie Erskine becomes rich almost by accident. A young boy dreams of a luxurious life as king. Three short stories from one of the world's wittiest storytellers will keep you amused and entertained.

A FOREIGNER IN BRITAIN

Ramón ybarra rubio and fiona smith

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social Science

How does it feel to visit Britain for the first time? What are the first impressions of a visitor to Britain? This account of one Spanish foreigner’s visit to Britain is told through an entertaining selection of personal anecdotes and introduces the reader to some of the more unusual aspects of the British way of life.

THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE

Thomas hardy

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social Science

Unemployed farmer Michael Henchard gets drunk one day and auctions his wife and daughter to the highest bidder. The next day, he bitterly regrets his action and promises to atone for it. He swears not to drink alcohol for the next 21 years. Twenty years later, the two women come looking for Henchard, who is now the successful Mayor of Casterbridge. What will happen next?

ALL ABOUT SOUTH AFRICA

Phillipa tracy

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social Studies

In All About South Africa, we learn about this country's turbulent history from when the first Europeans landed until today. Get to know South Africa's national hero, Nelson Mandela, and how he fought against apartheid. Find out why South Africa has got eleven official languages and why it's called the Rainbow Nation. Discover natural wonders like Table Mountain, the Blyde River Canyon and the Kruger National Park, home to the magnificent wildlife of South Africa.

PEOPLE WHO CHANGED THE WORLD

Eleanor sutherland

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Technology

This collection of biographies follows the lives of six talented, inspirational people: Nobel Prize winners Albert Einstein and Marie Curie, Human / Civil Rights protesters Martin Luther King and Emmeline Pankhurst, and technology giants Bill Gates and Tim Berners-Lee. Learn about the important contributions of these people which brought enormous changes and improvements to the world.

MY LADY, ANN BOLEYN

Heather caldwell

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: History

Servant girl Meg tells the sad story of her mistress, Anne Boleyn. Anne captivated King Henry VIII, who later broke from the Catholic Church to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and marry Anne. This infuriated Catholics everywhere and made Anne very unpopular. But sadly for her, Anne couldn't give Henry a male heir and soon discovered that a king's love comes and goes, with tragic consequences for her.

LEOPARD TRAIL

Elizabeth laird

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Zoology

After moving to Nairobi, Tom Wilkinson tries to adjust to his new life. He is amazed by the exotic surroundings: snakes in the grass, monkeys climbing on the roof and some unusual people next door. Then, Tom discovers a dangerous predator in the area. He and his new friend, Afra, must think of a plan to save the animal from being shot.

DOCTOR DOLITTLE

Hugh lofting

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social Studies

Dr John Dolittle loves animals and they love him, too. In fact, he prefers animals to his human patients! One day, Dr Dolittle receives a knock on his head and soon discovers that he can speak to animals in their own language. This leads to a change in career for the doctor, who then finds himself, and his beloved monkey Chee-Chee, on a mission to war-torn Africa.

THE LEGEND OF SLEEPY HOLLOW

Washington irving

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Folklore

Sleepy Hollow is a quiet, peaceful place near the Hudson River in the USA, but it is alive with stories about ghosts and witches. One night, Ichabod Crane, the teacher in Sleepy Hollow, has a terrifying adventure with Sleepy Hollow's most famous ghost, the Headless Horseman - with unexpected results. Everyone will enjoy this exciting story.

ALL ABOUT THE USA

Emily winston

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

All About the USA tells us about the country's history and culture. Find out about the pilgrims who first came to this land and the interesting places and people that are part of this nation. Travel to the vast Grand Canyon and then head to the spectacular Niagara Falls. You will also discover the reasons behind special holidays and read about interesting legends and myths. Read All About the USA and experience the best of the USA.

A CHRISTMAS CAROL

Charles dickens

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

A specially dramatised version of one of Dickens' most popular stories. It's Christmas Eve in London, and the bad-tempered miser, Ebenezer Scrooge, is about to live through a frightening experience - the visits of four ghosts: his former partner, Marley, and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present and Future. Will Scrooge learn his lesson and become a more generous person? Suitable for use as a class presentation.

THE GROWING PAINS OF ADRIAN MOLE

Sue townsend

Humour

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

In this sequel to The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Adrian continues the hilarious account of his attempts to come to terms with the break-up of his parents' marriage and their reconciliation, the birth of his baby sister, his own budding sexuality and his friendship with the school bully and his gang. Can Adrian cope with all the complications of his life?

THE SECRET DIARY OF ADRIAN MOLE

Sue townsend

Humour

Cross-curricular focus: Literature

Adrian is 13 3/4 when he starts to keep his diary. He is spotty, insecure and frequently hilarious. Over the next year, he writes about the break-up of his parents' marriage and their reconciliation, his first girlfriend, his experiences with the school bully and, of course, his spots. You'll laugh at every page!

MOONFLEET

J. meade falkner

Classic Adventure

Cross-curricular focus: Natural Science

Moonfleet is an adventure story set against the background of smuggling in southern England in the 18th century. It follows the life of John Trenchard, a lonely young orphan, and his search for a lost diamond. Read about the smugglers as they hide contraband in secret vaults in the graveyard. Can they escape from the cruel magistrate who pursues them without mercy? Will John ever find the precious diamond?

THE WAR OF THE WORLDS

H. g. wells

Science Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Astronomy

In this epic science-fiction tale from H. G. Wells, humans battle Martians for control of the Earth. The Martians want to stay on Earth because Mars in becoming too cold to live on. They use giant tripods as transport and carry a deadly Heat-Ray to burn everybody and everything in their way. How can the humans triumph against the hostile, invincible Martians? Who will win the War of the Worlds?

DRACULA

Bram stoker

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: Biology

This is perhaps the most famous horror story of all time. Jonathan Harker is held captive in Castle Dracula while his immoral host makes his evil plans. Jonathan is determined to destroy Dracula. Will good triumph over evil?

THREE CHILD RULERS

Brad mayhew

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: History

Being in a position of power is not always as good as it sounds - especially when you're a young child! This is clear in this collection of biographies of three very different people - Ivan the Terrible, Mary, Queen of Scots, and the present Dalai Lama. They all became rulers at an early age, but faced dangers and hardship, sacrificing a happy childhood for the responsibilities of power.

A SHERLOCK HOLMES COLLECTION

Sir arthur conan doyle

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Criminology

The King of Bohemia needs to find an incriminating photograph. A young woman dies mysteriously in her bed. Two men receive similar letters shortly before their sudden deaths. The brilliant detective Sherlock Holmes demonstrates his amazing powers of observation and deduction in these three short stories.

NURSE MATILDA

Christianna brand

Fantasy

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

The six Brown children are very naughty and they torment their nannies with their bad behaviour. No nanny can stay with them for very long. That is ... until Nurse Matilda appears with her magical stick. She looks very strange, but soon she transforms their lives from chaos and disaster to order and peace. What is her secret? And can the Brown children be "angels" forever?

MORE GHOST TALES

Retold by julie hart

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

Three haunting tales from the world of spirits and spooks. Though the stories are very different, they all share a common theme - mysterious visits from unhappy ghosts. Why can't the ghosts rest in peace? It seems they've got unfinished business in the world of the living. These intriguing stories will fascinate you ... but watch out ... they're very scary!

THE INCREDIBLE JOURNEY

Sheila burnford

Classic Adventure

Cross-curricular focus: Zoology

The Incredible Journey is about the friendship and loyalty of three animals as they travel far and wide to find their owners. Luath, the young Golden Retriever, Bodger, the old Bulldog, and Tao, a very special Siamese cat, are a lovable trio. But how can these three gentle house pets survive the dangers of the Canadian wilderness?

JUMP TO FREEDOM

Julie hart

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Molly Jackson and her family are slaves in the American state of Virginia. Life is very hard for the little girl and it gets worse after the master sells her close friend, Tom. Molly dreams about meeting Tom again and being free. But then she starts to work in her master's house and begins to lose hope. The years pass slowly and Molly grows into a beautiful young woman. How does she survive life with her cruel master? Will she be his slave forever?

THE BOXER

Sam parker

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

This is the true story of two special sportsmen and the rivalry and friendship that existed between them. For one night, on the eve of the Second World War, the world stood still as the men, an Afro-American and a German, battled for the future of Western Civilisation. World Champion boxer Joe Louis met Max Schmeling, the only man who had ever beaten him. But who would emerge triumphant this time?

DR JEKYLL AND MR HYDE

Robert louis stevenson

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

What can a person do when he's pulled between the good and the bad inside him? Dr Jekyll, a scientist, uses chemistry to divide himself into two different bodies - good Dr Jekyll and evil Mr Hyde. But this does not make his life any simpler. Instead, the conflict between the two parts becomes more and more violent. Which part will win?

THE CURIOUS CASE OF BENJAMIN BUTTON

F. scott fitzgerald

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

When Roger Button goes to the maternity hospital to meet his new baby son, Benjamin, he gets an enormous shock. His 'baby' is an old man! How is this possible? The years pass and Benjamin keeps getting older in years, but younger in appearance. How will this curious story end?

GOING FOR GOLD

Anthony teasdale

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture / Sport

The first recorded Olympic Games took place in Olympia in 776 BCE. The ancient Greeks saw them as a way of honouring the gods. The modern-day Olympic games started in 1896 and have usually taken place every four years. Today, athletes from all over the world compete in this huge international event, watched by billions of people worldwide. They're all united by the same ambition: to go for GOLD!

TWO EXPLORERS: MARCO POLO AND ROALD AMUNDSEN

Arthur taylor

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Social Science

This is the story of two of the bravest explorers of all time, Marco Polo and Roald Amundsen. Polo was the first Westerner to journey to the Far East and join the court of Kublai Khan. Amundsen was the first man to reach the South Pole. Read about the hopes and dreams of these two men and the fascinating things they experienced during their adventures.

ALL ABOUT BRITAIN

Julie hart

Non-Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Geography

Read All About Britain and learn about the country's intriguing history and diverse culture. Find out about the royal family, popular landmarks, mysterious legends and famous haunts. Discover the reasons behind some of the unusual British traditions, and learn some strange and interesting facts about the present and past. It's an experience you won't forget!

AN ESKIMO ADVENTURE

Katherine daniels

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Zoology

In this exciting story, an Inuit girl called Maggie and the people of her village are in trouble. There isn't much work in the village and the caribou, their traditional source of food, are disappearing. That's bad enough, but then one day, Maggie's family disappears, too. It's the beginning of an incredible adventure that will change Maggie's life forever.

THE INDIAN IN THE CUPBOARD

Lynne reid banks

Fantasy

Cross-curricular focus: History

Real life and fantasy combine in this action-packed humorous children's classic. A boy named Omri receives a magical cupboard that turns a plastic toy Indian into a real Iroquois Indian named Little Bull. At first, life with Little Bull is an adventure, but Omri soon realises the huge responsibility involved in protecting the tiny man and keeping him a secret.

THE GHOST TEACHER

Julie hart

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: History

West Hill School is just an ordinary school, but one day a new teacher arrives and some very strange things start to happen. The teacher comes to work in a car that has no driver. He carries a newspaper dating from 1935. And he always seems to punish the same boy. What is going on?

MODERN MASTERS

Arthur taylor

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Art

This collection of biographies follows the turbulent lives of three of the world's most famous artists - Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol. Although very different in character and style, they all shared a passion to create and produced works of art that have inspired people all over the world. Read about the men behind the well-known masterpieces, like the Sunflowers, Guernica and 32 Campbell's Soup Cans.

VILLAINS!

Sue kendall

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

This is the story of three famous villains. In 19th-century Russia, Rasputin influences the Russian court after his strange powers heal the ill son of the Tsar. In 16th-century France, Queen Catherine de Medici poisons her enemies and is called "Madame Serpent". Sweeney Todd, an 18th-century English barber, runs a sinister business. His customers are disappearing and his neighbour is famous for her delicious meat pies. But what is the secret ingredient in them?

THE GHOST SHIP

Julie hart

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Natural Science

Strange things happen to Lucy and Paul when they go on a school trip to Greenland. A ghostly Viking ship appears in a mirage and the two teenagers soon find themselves confronting the ghosts of Eric the Red and his daughter, Freydis. Are they imagining it, or are the ghosts real? What must the teenagers do to help the ghostly Vikings find eternal rest?

THE JUNGLE BOOK

Rudyard kipling

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

This is the story of Mowgli, a young boy abandoned in the Indian jungle. He is adopted by a pack of wolves and becomes friends with Baloo the bear and Bagheera the panther. Mowgli learns how to communicate with the animals and survive in the jungle. But Shere Khan, a fierce tiger, is on Mowgli's trail. Many dangers await him, but can the boy survive with the help of his animal friends?

WITCHES AND WIZARDS

Retold by phillipa tracy

Fantasy

Cross-curricular focus: Social Studies

Follow the adventures of three young heroes driven by the force of destiny. In the first story, Stefan must outsmart a wizard king in order to marry the wizard's daughter. Prince Lorenzo, the hero of the second story, must rescue Princess Rowena from the hands of his own father, a wizard king. In the final story, a good witch helps Hayden, a common soldier, to marry the beautiful Princess Lucinda. But first, he must overcome many obstacles.

THE TREASURE SEEKERS

E. nesbit

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Folklore

The six Bastable children live in a comfortable home. They have all got wild imaginations, which comes in useful when their mother dies and their father's business fails. Now poor, the children think of many ingenious ideas to help the situation. But these ideas aren't always practical and bring them a lot of problems … until one day, their luck changes.

TUTANKHAMUN

Julie hart

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Ancient History

Tutankhamun becomes pharaoh at the age of nine. Egypt needs a strong leader to govern but, like most nine-year-old boys, he prefers to play and have fun. However, the Egyptian court is a dangerous place for a young pharaoh, and he has got some jealous enemies. Army general Horemheb watches and waits, noting the boy's weaknesses and plotting the young pharaoh's downfall. Can Tutankhamun battle such a powerful enemy?

TALES OF THE ALHAMBRA

Washington irving

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: History

Travel back in time to the Alhambra, a place of magic and mystery. Peregil, a water carrier, discovers an ancient spell to recover hidden treasure, but he isn't the only one looking for it. Don Vincent, a poor student, finds a magic ring that leads him to the treasure of the Alhambra. Ibrahim, an Arabian astrologer, helps King Aben Habuz conquer his enemies, but the King must pay the price. Washington Irving will captivate you with this collection of three popular tales.

CHANNEL TO THE FUTURE

Sandra sherwood

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Natural Science

Jordan Connelly is an ordinary teenager, until one day, he accidentally discovers a mysterious channel on his family's new TV. Jordan's friends think he's a psychic because he sees events on the Channel to the Future the day before they happen. At first, he's very excited. But then things start to get out of control and Jordan finds himself in a life-and-death situation. Can he change the future?

GANDHI

Sue kendall

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

Mahatma Gandhi was one of India's greatest leaders. His tragic murder shocked people around the world and millions mourned his loss. But what made Gandhi such a remarkable leader? Why did he believe in non-violent protest? How did he help his people and free India from British rule? Read about the successes and failures of the "Great Spirit" in this biography.

GREAT EXPECTATIONS

Charles dickens

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Social History

Pip, a poor, uneducated boy, works as an apprentice blacksmith for his sister's husband Joe Gargery. Pip has got a serious dilemma. He's in love with the beautiful, rich and arrogant Estella, and will do anything to win her heart, but how? Then, one day, opportunity knocks on his door, when a secret benefactor offers him 'great expectations' – an education and the life of a gentleman. Who is Pip's generous benefactor and will Pip's great expectations win him Estella's love?

MOBY DICK

Herman melville

Classic Adventure

Cross-curricular focus: Environment

This classic adventure story takes us on a voyage, in which young Ishmael joins the crew of the Pequod as they venture out to sea in search of the great white whale, Moby Dick. Ahab, the captain of the whaling ship, had already lost his leg to the formidable whale in a previous battle. Now, he's thirsty for revenge and his mission is to kill Moby Dick, but this is not an easy task.

MADAME DOUBTFIRE

Anne fine

Humour

Cross-curricular focus: Cinematic arts

Daniel Hilliard is the fun-loving, divorced father of three children who live with their responsible mother, Miranda. Daniel will do anything to see his children more often. He'll even disguise himself as a woman! When Miranda advertises for a home help, Daniel offers his services as Madame Doubtfire and becomes the children's new nanny. This marks the beginning of a series of comical situations with a dramatic outcome.

GREY OWL: A MAN OF THE WILDERNESS

Alison phillips

Biography

Cross-curricular focus: Social Science

Grey Owl is the inspiring true story of a young man's desire to fulfil his childhood dream. Archie Belaney travels from England to Canada to experience Native American life. He embarks on a journey of self-discovery and transforms himself from a trapper into a protector of wildlife, becoming Grey Owl, a North American Indian and conservationist. Only a few people know who he really is. Will they reveal his secret?

THE GHOST OF FEATHERSTONE CASTLE

Elspeth rawstron

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Ancient History

Fifteen-year-old Robbie Sumner meets Heather at a summer camp in Featherstone Castle and the two become friends. But then a series of strange events takes place at the castle. Heather is visited by a ghostly figure who warns her, "Be careful! There is danger in the water!" An exciting adventure unfolds as Robbie and Heather set out to uncover the ghost's identity and the meaning behind its terrifying words.

THE LOST WORLD

Sir arthur conan doyle

Classic Adventure

Cross-curricular focus: Science

Edward Malone is determined to prove to his beloved Gladys that he's a man of adventure. Accompanied by Professor Challenger, Professor Summerlee and Lord John Roxton, Edward embarks on an expedition like no other. Deep into the Amazon the four men go, in search of a lost world where dinosaurs rule. The way is filled with danger. But Edward is on a mission, and nothing will stop him.

THE THIEF OF ALWAYS

Clive barker

fantastic

Cross-curricular focus: Culture

Harvey is a bored teenager ... until he arrives at the Holiday House, where life seems fun and exciting. The seasons change every day and there are flying cars and different holidays all the time. There's only one rule in the house – questions aren't allowed. But Harvey soon discovers he's being held prisoner there by the mysterious Mr Hood, who hears and knows everything. How will Harvey escape?

THE CANTERVILLE GHOST

Oscar wilde

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: F

The Otises are a practical American family. They don't believe in ghosts ... until they move to Canterville Chase, an old English country estate inhabited by the ghost of Sir Simon de Canterville. The family is amused by the ghost's failed attempts to try and frighten them away. Only young Virginia feels sorry for the ghost and agrees to help him find peace – but at what price?

TALES OF ARABIAN NIGHTS

Retold by alison phillips

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Ancient History

Let Sheherazade, a gifted storyteller, take you on a journey to distant lands in this delightful collection of tales. Meet Mansur, a rich merchant who goes to Cairo to seek his fortune. What does he find there? Read about the two clever thieves who steal Balshazar's donkey. How do they trick him? Learn how a poor fisherman finds a bottle in his fishing net and becomes rich. What's inside the bottle?

A GHOST COLLECTION

Anne stanmore

Horror / Suspense

Cross-curricular focus: Literature

Who are the young boy and girl that sometimes appear in Miss Dodson's house and what are they looking for? Why do the boys at Harry's boarding school think he's crazy and why does a mysterious priest come to visit him? Who is the girl that haunts Sarah's new house and wants to take control of her? Find the answers to these questions in this ghostly collection of spooky tales.

AGATHON: A GREEK SLAVE IN POMPEII

Katherine daniels

Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Ancient History

Agathon, a 14-year-old boy who lives in ancient Greece, is captured by pirates and sold into slavery. He becomes tutor to Octavio, the son of his new Roman master. Poor Agathon misses his family and longs to go home. Then, Mount Vesuvius erupts - the perfect oppotunity for him to escape. But how can he leave Octavio in all the chaos? Will Agathon give up his ticket to freedom?

THE BORROWERS

Mary norton

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Folklore

Thirteen-year-old Arietty Clock is only 20 centimetres tall. She and her family live under the floor of a house, where they 'borrow' things from the humans who live above them. That's why they're called 'Borrowers'. Arietty is lonely, until one day she ventures into the garden and meets a human boy. The two become friends and that is when the trouble begins.

TARZAN OF THE APES

Edgar rice burroughs

Classic Fiction

Cross-curricular focus: Environment

As a baby, Tarzan is orphaned in the African jungle and adopted by an ape called Kala, who teaches him how to survive. Then, one day, Tarzan sees his reflection and realises he's different from the apes. Time passes and Tarzan meets, and falls in love with beautiful Jane Porter. He tries to live in her world, but the jungle remains close to his heart. Which path will Tarzan choose?

TALES FROM GREEK MYTHOLOGY

Retold by phillipa tracy

Legend

Cross-curricular focus: Geography

Persephone is pulled into a big, black hole in the earth. What is her destiny? Orpheus travels to the underworld to rescue his beloved Eurydice. But how will he convince Hades, god of the dead, to free her? Narcissus is very attractive and he knows it. Aphrodite, the goddess of love, decides to teach him a lesson he'll never forget. Find out more in this enchanting collection of Greek myths.